LANGUAGE:
Mongol (official), of which the Khalkha dialect is most prevalent. Kazakh (Turkic language) also spoken.
POPULATION:
Total: 2,310,000 (1992)
Annual growth: 2.7% (1985-90)
Doubling time: 25 yrs.
Urban: 52% (1990) (est. for year 2000: 55%)
Rural: 48%
AGE GROUPS (1989):
16% under 5 yrs.
42% under 15
53% under20
ETHNIC GROUPS:
(about 20 different groups)
Khalkha Mongol: 78%
Kazakh: 5%
Durbet: 3%
FAMILY:
29% from 20 to 39
12% from 40 to 59
6% 60 yrs. and over
Bayat: 2%
Other: 12%
Persons per household: 5.0 (1979)
Marital status: no data
Female head of household: no data
Fertility rate:4.7 (1991)
Teenage births: 5.5% (1989)
Births out of wedlock: no data
Contraception: no data
HOUSING:
Television: 41/1, 000 pop. (1990)
Radio: 132/1, 000 pop. (1990)
Electricity: no data. It can be assumed that the majority of the rural population are without electricity.
Access to safe water: 65% urban: 78%; rural: 50% (1988-90)
Source of water: no data. It can be assumed the majority of the rural population get water from wells and rivers.
Toilet facilities: (1983)
Sanitation facilities: 50%
Construction materials: no data. The majority have canvas ger (yurts).
Energy consumption in kgs of oil equivalent per capita: 598
SOCIAL INDICATORS:
Life expectancy: 63 yrs. (male: 61; female: 64) (1990)
Infant mortality: 62/1,000 live births (1991)
Crude birth rate: 35/1, 000 pop. (1991)
Crude death rate: 8/1, 000 pop. (1991)
HEALTH:
Access to health services: 100% (1987-90)
At some times of the year, accessibility within an hour is
not feasible and mobile units are relied upon.
Births attended by trained health personnel: 99% (1983-91)
Maternal mortality rate: 140/1,000 live births (1980-90)
Population per physician: 379
Children (under 1 year) immunised against DPT: 84% (1990-91)
EDUCATION:
Literacy: 93% (male: 95%; female: 90%) (1984-85)
Gross enrollment ratio (1986)
First level:100% (completing in 1978: 95%)
Second: 92%
Third: 22%
Educational attainment for pop. 10 yrs.+ (1979)
None: no data
First level: 37%
Second: complete 7%; incomplete 23%
(specialized secondaire 6%)
Third: 5%
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY:
Economically active population: 46% (1989-91)
Agriculture: 32% act. pop.; 18% of GDP
Mines: 10% act. pop.; 12% of GDP
Industry: 24% act; pop.; 20% of GDP
Services: 34% act. pop.; 50% of GDP
Per capita GNP: US$780 (1987)
Military expenditure as a percentage of GDP: 10% (1990)
National currency: tugrik
Principal resources: Livestock, coal, iron ore, tin,
semi-precious stones, gold, tungsten, oil, uranium
